Intervall pulsslag
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If they match then the rhythm is regular.
IS it Sinus Rhythm?
To ascertain whether a rhythm is sinus or not you need to be able to identify key features.
- There must always be a p wave.
- The P wave should be a rounded shape
- Each P wave should be the same shape
- Each P wave should be followed by a QRS
- The P-R interval should be 3-5 small squares and constant
- The rhythm should be regular.
You do not need to be able to recognise a "T wave" for it to be sinus rhythm.
Uthållighetsegenskaperna är också bättre i det aeroba området (intervallet mellan det aeroba och anaeroba tröskelvärdet) än i det anaeroba området. Den anaeroba tröskeln kan också variera mellan individer, men i beräkningar sätts den vanligtvis till 85–90 % (90 % i kalkylatorn).
Träning höjer både aeroba och anaeroba trösklar.
Publiceras: 10.12.2024
Uppdaterad: 10.12.2024
Författare
Lassi Honkanen
fysioterapeut
Källor:
Cleveland Clinic.
När den anaeroba tröskeln överskrids produceras mer laktat än vad kroppen kan ta bort det. This measurement should be 0.12-0.20 seconds, or 3-5 small squares in duration. Kestävyysharjoittelu - tutkitulla tiedolla tuloksiin. The U wave occurs when the ECG machine picks up repolarisation of the Purkinje fibres.
A "U wave" can also occur with electrolyte imbalances (potassium) but, again, this is not very common.
To measure the P-P interval, place the edge of a piece of paper along the line of the rhythm and mark the centre of 2 consecutive P waves. Lahti: VK-Kustannus Oy.
TriathlonSuomi. Heart Rate Zones Explained. Sykerajojen määrittäminen ja harjoittelu. Du kan till exempel beräkna din vilopuls genom att räkna antalet hjärtslag medan du vilar i 15 sekunder genom att trycka på halspulsådern.
The first is less obvious than the second.
Image: Sinus Arrhythmia Example 1
Image: Sinus Arrhythmia Example 2
Sinus arrhythmia is not commonly seen but the same evaluation procedure is used:
- Is there a P wave?
- Is each P wave the same shape?
- Is each P wave followed by a QRS complex?
- Is the P-R interval between 3-5 small squares?
- Is the rhythm regular?
If the answer to the first four questions is "yes", but the answer to the last is "no" then you have sinus arrhythmia.
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Cardiology Teaching Package
A Beginners Guide to Normal Heart Function, Sinus Rhythm & Common Cardiac Arrhythmias
The U Wave
Finally, it is possible to see another wave after the PQRST complex.
This can be done by measuring the "p-p interval" or the "R-R interval". Compare with the next 2. https://triathlonsuomi.com/harjoittelu/harjoitusten-tehosta-maarasta-ja-palautumisesta/sykerajojen-maarittaminen-ja-harjoittelu/
Cardiology Teaching Package
A Beginners Guide to Normal Heart Function, Sinus Rhythm & Common Cardiac Arrhythmias
Normal Duration Times for the 3 Waves
As well as being able to recognise the 3 different parts of the cardiac cycle, each stage should be completed within a specific time period to be considered normal.
Personlig aerob tröskel kan variera kraftigt mellan individer, och beräknas vanligtvis med en intensitet på 70–75 procent (75 % i kalkylatorn).
Anaerob tröskel: (90%)
Anaerobt tröskelvärde avser den maximala träningsintensiteten vid vilken produktionen av laktat och avlägsnandet av laktat är i balans. (see example below.)
Image: Image: U waves are indicated by the arrows
In a normal heart beat, the T wave represents repolarisation of the ventricles, specifically the repolarisation of the AV node and bundle branches.
https://health.clevelandclinic.org/exercise-heart-rate-zones-explained
Nummela, A. Hynynen, E. Mikkola, J. Vesterinen, V. 2022. If the measurements are the same then the rhythm is regular. Many abnormalities obscure the t wave. Multiplicera antalet slag med fyra för att få din puls per minut, det vill säga din nuvarande puls.